- UPANG MAINTINDIHAN NATIN KUNG BAKIT BUMABAHA AT PAULIT-ULIT NA DUMARATING, TAUN-TAON, AT LAKSA-LAKSANG KAGAMITAN ANG NAPIPINSALA; MILYUN-MILYONG PISONG IMPRASTRAKTURA ANG NASISIRA AT DAAN-DAAN ANG MGA TAO NAPEPERHUWISYO
- MGA DAHILAN NG PAGBAHA
- 1. Kawalan ng pananim at mga puno;
2. Mga batuhan sa ilalim ng lupa. Ito ay maaaring dahilan sa kongkretong pundasyon ng mga matataas na gusali;
3. Baradong mga daanan ng tubig sa ilog kung kaya't umaapaw ang tubig. Ang pagbara ay maaaring dahil sa maling pamamaraan ng pagtapon ng mga basura; naiipon na lupa sa ilalim dahil sa pagdausdos ng lupa mula sa gilid ng ilog;
1-3 AYON.SA: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/water_rivers/river_flooding_management_rev1.shtml; at
1-3 AYON.SA: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/water_rivers/river_flooding_management_rev1.shtml; at
4. ANG PINAKAMALAKING
DAHILAN: Kawalan ng tapat na
paglutas ng problema sa pagbaha
ng department of public works, lalo
na ng national capital region.
PAANO NATING MAIIWASAN ANG BAHA?
1. Bawa't barangay na nakaharap sa ilog ay dapat may bantay. Pagbawalan ang pagtatapon sa ilog;
2. Palalimin ang lahat ng creeks at ilog sa MetroManila ng 100 metro kalalim;
3. Maglagay ng screen o chicken wire na maliliit ang butas sa bawa't ilalim ng tulay upang masalo ang lahat ng mga papel, styrofoam, plastic, bakal, etsetera;
4. Patawan ng parusa ang mga taong nagtatapon ng basura sa mga creeks at ilog;
5. Magbigay ng pabuya -- limang milyong piso, kada ika-6 na buwan sa mga barangay na A-1 ang kalinisan, sa kalsada at sa mga ilog na karatig nito;
6. Bigyan ng pabuya ang buong mga empleyado ng DPW NCR regional office na ang nasasakupan ay di binabaha: P10 milyon. Gayahin ito sa lahat ng mga rehyon;
7. Magbigay ng kontest sa taumbayan. Humiling ng mga suhestiyon kung paanong malulutas ang pagbaha. Magbigay ng mga papremyo: una -- P3M; pangalawa: P2M at pantatlo: P1M;
8. Magkaroon ng patakaran na wala nang itatayong gusali na hihigit pa sa 4 na palapag sa buong NCR; at
9. Magdasal tayo na mawala na ang lahat ng mga mapamuksang baha at ulan.
PARA SA MGA STRANDED NA MGA PASAHERO, ilabas lahat ng trak ng Armed Forces of the Philippines at PNP upang tulungan ang taumbayan na makauwi sa kanilang mga tahanan. Gawing awtomatiko ang patakarang ito kapag may ulan.
PAANO NATING MAIIWASAN ANG BAHA?
1. Bawa't barangay na nakaharap sa ilog ay dapat may bantay. Pagbawalan ang pagtatapon sa ilog;
2. Palalimin ang lahat ng creeks at ilog sa MetroManila ng 100 metro kalalim;
3. Maglagay ng screen o chicken wire na maliliit ang butas sa bawa't ilalim ng tulay upang masalo ang lahat ng mga papel, styrofoam, plastic, bakal, etsetera;
4. Patawan ng parusa ang mga taong nagtatapon ng basura sa mga creeks at ilog;
5. Magbigay ng pabuya -- limang milyong piso, kada ika-6 na buwan sa mga barangay na A-1 ang kalinisan, sa kalsada at sa mga ilog na karatig nito;
6. Bigyan ng pabuya ang buong mga empleyado ng DPW NCR regional office na ang nasasakupan ay di binabaha: P10 milyon. Gayahin ito sa lahat ng mga rehyon;
7. Magbigay ng kontest sa taumbayan. Humiling ng mga suhestiyon kung paanong malulutas ang pagbaha. Magbigay ng mga papremyo: una -- P3M; pangalawa: P2M at pantatlo: P1M;
8. Magkaroon ng patakaran na wala nang itatayong gusali na hihigit pa sa 4 na palapag sa buong NCR; at
9. Magdasal tayo na mawala na ang lahat ng mga mapamuksang baha at ulan.
PARA SA MGA STRANDED NA MGA PASAHERO, ilabas lahat ng trak ng Armed Forces of the Philippines at PNP upang tulungan ang taumbayan na makauwi sa kanilang mga tahanan. Gawing awtomatiko ang patakarang ito kapag may ulan.
SA INGLES: Other info about flooding:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/water_rivers/river_flooding_management_rev1.shtml
- 1. These are some of the big causes of flooding:
- A lack of vegetation or woodland - trees and plants intercept precipitation (ie they catch or drink water). If there is little vegetation in the drainage basin then surface run-off will be high.
- A drainage basin, consisting of mainlyimpermeable rock - this will mean that water cannot percolate through the rock layer, and so will run faster over the surface.
- A drainage basin in an urban area - these consist largely of impermeable concrete, which encourages overland flow. Drains and sewers take water quickly and directly to the river channel. Houses with sloping roofs further increase the amount of run-off.
Flood management techniques include river engineering, afforestation and planning controls to restrict urban development on floodplains.
2. What
Causes Flooding? from:
There
are many reasons why floods occur, these can be divided into categories of
causes. These are flash floods, storm surge, and dam and levee failures.
Flash Floods
These types of flood occur with little or no warning. Flash floods can be deadly due to the rapid rise in water levels and the high flow-velocities of the water. There are factors which contribute to the occurrence of flash floods: rainfall intensity, duration, surface condition and topography. Urban areas are more susceptible to flash floods due to the lack of natural drainage systems and the high amounts of impervious surfaces (concrete, tarmac). These tend to increase the rate of run off into water systems.
Storm Floods
Storm surges inundate coastal margins due to severe onshore winds, often accompanied by low atmospheric pressure and sometimes high tides. Friction between moving air and the water creates drag. Depending on the distance over which this process occurs (fetch) and the velocity of the wind, water can pile up to depths of over 7 metres. Intense, low-pressure systems and hurricanes (tropical cyclones) often cause storm surges. Nine out of ten tropical cyclone fatalities are caused by the storm surge associated with the storm.
Dam and Levee Failures
Dam and levees may be designed to contain a flood at a location on a water way that has a certain probability of a flood occurring in a specific year, i.e. one in every 250 years. If the flood is larger than the one predicted the structure built to contain it will be overtopped and will fail. This causes a sudden burst of water which causes a flash flood downstream. Failed dams and levees can cause catastrophic floods due to the intensive energy involved in the sudden burst of water.
These types of flood occur with little or no warning. Flash floods can be deadly due to the rapid rise in water levels and the high flow-velocities of the water. There are factors which contribute to the occurrence of flash floods: rainfall intensity, duration, surface condition and topography. Urban areas are more susceptible to flash floods due to the lack of natural drainage systems and the high amounts of impervious surfaces (concrete, tarmac). These tend to increase the rate of run off into water systems.
Storm Floods
Storm surges inundate coastal margins due to severe onshore winds, often accompanied by low atmospheric pressure and sometimes high tides. Friction between moving air and the water creates drag. Depending on the distance over which this process occurs (fetch) and the velocity of the wind, water can pile up to depths of over 7 metres. Intense, low-pressure systems and hurricanes (tropical cyclones) often cause storm surges. Nine out of ten tropical cyclone fatalities are caused by the storm surge associated with the storm.
Dam and Levee Failures
Dam and levees may be designed to contain a flood at a location on a water way that has a certain probability of a flood occurring in a specific year, i.e. one in every 250 years. If the flood is larger than the one predicted the structure built to contain it will be overtopped and will fail. This causes a sudden burst of water which causes a flash flood downstream. Failed dams and levees can cause catastrophic floods due to the intensive energy involved in the sudden burst of water.
3. FROM: - http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/natural-disasters/floods-profile/
A flood occurs when water overflows or inundates land that's normally dry. This can happen in a multitude of ways. Most common is when rivers or streams overflow their banks. Excessive rain, a ruptured dam or levee, rapid ice melting in the mountains, or even an unfortunately placed beaver dam can overwhelm a river and send it spreading over the adjacent land, called a floodplain. Coastal flooding occurs when a large storm or tsunami causes the sea to surge inland.
Most floods take hours or even days to develop, giving residents ample time to prepare or evacuate. Others generate quickly and with little warning. These flash floods can be extremely dangerous, instantly turning a babbling brook into a thundering wall of water and sweeping everything in its path downstream.
Disaster experts classify floods according to their likelihood of occurring in a given time period. A hundred-year flood, for example, is an extremely large, destructive event that would theoretically be expected to happen only once every century. But this is a theoretical number. In reality, this classification means there is a one-percent chance that such a flood could happen in any given year. Over recent decades, possibly due to global climate change, hundred-year floods have been occurring worldwide with frightening regularity.
Moving water has awesome destructive power. When a river overflows its banks or the sea drives inland, structures poorly equipped to withstand the water's strength are no match. Bridges, houses, trees, and cars can be picked up and carried off. The erosive force of moving water can drag dirt from under a building's foundation, causing it to crack and tumble.
Painting: Hokusai - Beneath the Great Wave off Kanagawa (c1829-32). Photograph: Alamy
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